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Exam 8: T Cell-Mediated Immunity

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Question 1

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Describe two distinct mechanisms by which naive CD8 T cells can be activated.

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(i) Virus-infected dendritic cells provide adequate co-stimulation (via B7) and can activate CD8 T cells directly without the involvement of CD4 T cells. CD8 T cells receive signal 1 (MHC:T-cell receptor) and signal 2 (B7:CD28), synthesize IL-2 and the high-affinity IL-2 receptor, and proliferate and differentiate into cytotoxic T cells. (ii) In some cases, virus-infected dendritic cells cannot on their own fully activate naive CD8 T cells but the CD8 T cell begins to express IL-2 receptors. With the provision of help from effector CD4 T cells in the form of IL-2 secretion, these CD8 T cells are fully activated. For this to occur, simultaneous interaction with both the naive CD8 T cell and the effector CD4 T cell must occur.

Question 2

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A. Which selectins, mucin-like vascular addressins, and integrins have a role in the circulation of T cells between the blood and lymphoid tissues? B. Describe in chronological order how T cells migrate across lymph node high endothelial venules (HEVs) from the blood by using these molecules.

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.T cells (and B cells)express L-selectin...

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Question 3

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All of the following indicate correct intermolecular associations except _____.

Which of the following is incorrect regarding sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptor?

The process by which cytotoxic T cells kill their targets involves _____.(Select all that apply.)

All of the following statements regarding interleukin-2 (IL-2) or its receptor are true except _____.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are _____ that are phosphorylated by _____.

During cytokine signaling,_____ translocate(s) to the nucleus and direct(s) the upregulation of gene expression.

Clonal expansion and differentiation of naive T cells to effector T cells depends on the activation of the transcription factor(s) _____ through a ZAP-70-mediated signal transduction pathway.(Select all that apply.)

Expression of IFN-γ is induced in a CD4 T_H1 cell under the direction of the transcription factor ______.

Which of the following is associated with immature dendritic cells in the skin before their activation?

Parents who were distantly related to each other brought their 11-week-old infant Kristen to the emergency room after she had a seizure accompanied by a persistently high fever and running nose.Her liver and spleen were palpable (hepatosplenomegaly) .Laboratory tests revealed abnormally high levels of lymphocytes,and of the cytokines IFNγ,TNF-α,and IL-6.Conversely,levels of hemoglobin and platelets were abnormally low.Bone marrow aspiration showed the presence of macrophages containing phagocytosed red blood cells and numerous large granular lymphocytes.Molecular analysis was carried out to confirm the physician's suspicion of a congenital immunodeficiency.A frameshift mutation in the perforin gene PRF1 was found on both chromosomes.Kristen was diagnosed with the rare,potentially life-threatening disease known as familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) .Cytotoxic and aggressive immunosuppressive chemotherapy was administered followed by a matched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplant.Two years later Kristen is a healthy toddler.Which of the following would not be consistent with the etiology of FHL?

A. Identify three types of professional antigen-presenting cell. B. How are they distributed in secondary lymphoid tissue? C. Which kinds of antigen do they present efficiently to T cells?

Binding of _____ to _____ induces T-cell proliferation and differentiation of activated T cells.

All of the following are included in the central supramolecular activation complex (c-SMAC) except _____.

A.Which cell-surface glycoprotein distinguishes professional antigen-presenting cells from other cells and is involved in the co-stimulation of T cells? B.What receptors can it bind on the T cell and what signal does it deliver in each case? C.Explain the consequence of antigen recognition by T cells in the absence of this glycoprotein on the antigen-presenting cell.

Which of the following is not produced by T follicular helper (T_FH) cells?

Virus-infected cells attacked and killed by effector cytotoxic T cells are often surrounded by healthy tissue,which is spared from destruction. A.Explain the mechanism that ensures that cytotoxic T cells kill only the virus-infected cells (the target cells). B.What cytotoxins do cytotoxic T cells produce?

Which of the following is not produced by T_H17 cells?

Which of the following is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in T-cell activation culminating in T-cell proliferation and differentiation?