Question 1

Which of the following statements about cognitive differences between humans and great apes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   These differences are related to their differences in physical cognition.
B)   These differences do not exist because both have a theory of mind.
C)   These differences seem to reflect the specialized skills humans evolved for living and exchanging knowledge in cultural groups.
D)   These differences are manifested within the act of deception.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Organisms that reproduce early tend to have

Accepted Answer

A)   large body size and small brains.
B)   short gestation times and large litters.
C)   high rates of mortality and long life spans.
D)   low rates of mortality and short life spans.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

An example of associative learning is

Accepted Answer

A)   watching the behavior of parents.
B)   imprinting.
C)   memory of past events.
D)   understanding cause and effect.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

What is the neocortex ratio? Explain how data on the neocortex ratio of primate species have been used to address hypotheses accounting for the evolution of primate intelligence.

Accepted Answer

The neocortex ratio is the ratio between...

Question 5

The extent to which selection favors a strategy in which an animal makes an investment is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)   senescence.
B)   the total cost of the investment.
C)   the total benefit derived from the investment.
D)   the net benefit (benefit minus cost)  of the strategy.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Large brains may have initially evolved in monkeys and apes because they

Accepted Answer

A)   are more folivorous than their ancestors.
B)   have greater dexterity in their hands than their ancestors.
C)   are more likely to live in variable environments than their ancestors.
D)   have larger social groups than their ancestors.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Explain the conflict within primatology over great ape cognitive abilities. Given the evidence, what do you think about great ape versus monkey cognitive abilities?

Accepted Answer

For all nonhuman primates, there is the ...

Question 8

In a playback experiment in which female baboons listened to a recording of a female's grunt followed by another female's submissive fear barks, which of the following occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)   Females responded more strongly when they heard a higher-ranking female responding submissively to a lower-ranking female's grunt.
B)   Females responded more strongly when they heard high-ranking females in conflict with each other.
C)   Females reacted to each vocalization regardless of the rank of those making the call.
D)   Females only reacted to the vocalizations of female kin.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Why does senescence occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   because of the relative benefits animals can derive from current reproduction versus from living longer
B)   because things must eventually wear down, like the transmission on a car
C)   because everything must grow old and die as a part of the cycle of life
D)   because animals with senescence, such as zoo animals or humans with medical care, live long artificiallyE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

One model of the evolution of intelligence proposes that the primate brain was selected to facilitate behavioral flexibility. This model relates to ________ challenges.

Accepted Answer

A)   social
B)   foraging
C)   mating
D)   rangingE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

Examples of redirected aggression in vervet monkeys demonstrate that they understand

Accepted Answer

A)   dominance rank.
B)   theory of mind.
C)   social intelligence.
D)   third-party relationships.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

The executive brain ratio is closely linked to

Accepted Answer

A)   home-range size.
B)   nocturnal activity patterns.
C)   forms of tool use.
D)   the amount of fruit in the diet.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Effective deception requires

Accepted Answer

A)   ecological knowledge.
B)   a theory of mind.
C)   associative learning.
D)   a large neocortex.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Animals with long life histories, like primates, grow for a long time at the expense of their

Accepted Answer

A)   later fertility.
B)   early fertility.
C)   later growth.
D)   early growth.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Establishing a link between social complexity and cognitive ability across species requires the use of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   standardized measurement of cognitive ability.
B)   absolute forebrain size.
C)   absolute neocortex size.
D)   standardized measure of group size.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Vervet monkeys and baboons appear to know

Accepted Answer

A)   which monkey provides the best alarm calls.
B)   how to deceive other monkeys to gain hidden food.
C)   rank relationships among other individuals.
D)   how to choose related individuals from pictures.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

List the four main lobes of the cerebrum in primates and briefly describe what the cerebral cortex is and why anthropologists are interested in it.

Accepted Answer

The four lobes of the cerebrum are the o...

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the neocortex ratio is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It includes the entire hindbrain.
B)   It is the neocortex volume compared to brain volume.
C)   It is the comparison of brain to body size.
D)   It is the comparison of neocortex size to body size.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

When comparing the abilities of 2-year-old humans with chimpanzees and orangutans of all ages, researchers concluded that humans and great apes differ in terms of tasks that involve

Accepted Answer

A)   physical cognition.
B)   social cognition.
C)   the ecological world.
D)   morphological characteristics.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Imagine you are a male macaque. Another individual is threatening you. Which monkey do you try to enlist for support?

Accepted Answer

A)   a female relative
B)   a subordinate male
C)   a dominant male
D)   a dominant femaleE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 8: Primate Life Histories and the Evolution of Intelligence

Organisms that reproduce early tend to have

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One model of the evolution of intelligence proposes that the primate brain was selected to facilitate behavioral flexibility. This model relates to ________ challenges.

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Vervet monkeys and baboons appear to know

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Large brains may have initially evolved in monkeys and apes because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examples of redirected aggression in vervet monkeys demonstrate that they understand

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of associative learning is

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Which of the following statements about cognitive differences between humans and great apes is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the four main lobes of the cerebrum in primates and briefly describe what the cerebral cortex is and why anthropologists are interested in it.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe four lobes of the cerebrum are the o...View AnswerShow Answer

Animals with long life histories, like primates, grow for a long time at the expense of their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the neocortex ratio? Explain how data on the neocortex ratio of primate species have been used to address hypotheses accounting for the evolution of primate intelligence.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe neocortex ratio is the ratio between...View AnswerShow Answer

Why does senescence occur?

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The extent to which selection favors a strategy in which an animal makes an investment is determined by

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The executive brain ratio is closely linked to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Effective deception requires

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing the abilities of 2-year-old humans with chimpanzees and orangutans of all ages, researchers concluded that humans and great apes differ in terms of tasks that involve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the neocortex ratio is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a playback experiment in which female baboons listened to a recording of a female's grunt followed by another female's submissive fear barks, which of the following occurred?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the conflict within primatology over great ape cognitive abilities. Given the evidence, what do you think about great ape versus monkey cognitive abilities?

Correct AnswerverifiedFor all nonhuman primates, there is the ...View AnswerShow Answer

Establishing a link between social complexity and cognitive ability across species requires the use of a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine you are a male macaque. Another individual is threatening you. Which monkey do you try to enlist for support?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The four lobes of the cerebrum are the o...
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The neocortex ratio is the ratio between...
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For all nonhuman primates, there is the ...
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