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Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

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Question 51

Multiple Choice

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According to the attribution theory, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be attributed to an external cause?

A) a behavior that scores high on consensus
B) a behavior that scores low on distinctiveness
C) a behavior that scores high on consistency
D) a behavior that scores low on traceability
E) a behavior that scores high on rigidity

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Question 52

Multiple Choice

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The tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome is known as a(n) ________ bias.

A) self-serving
B) confirmation
C) impact
D) hindsight
E) anchoring

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Question 53

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Harriet Kirby, a fund raising manager at a women's rights organization, experienced a bad incident last year with the public relations manager of a banking company who had committed to sponsor a charity event. The bank backed out at the last minute. This year, when a renowned international bank executive showed interest in sponsoring the organization's upcoming annual event, Kirby rejected their participation. She felt that banks have a casual approach toward charity events and it is risky to involve them in the event. Which of the following best characterizes Kirby's decision?

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

Explain the three components of creativity. Name two biases and give examples of how they would affect creativity.

Extremely attractive or unattractive individuals are most likely to be noticed in a group. Which of the following statements best describes the reason behind this?

With reference to the attribution theory, which of the following terms indicates the extent to which an individual displays different behaviors in different situations?

A manager doing performance appraisals gives more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of six or nine months earlier. This shows that the manager's perception is affected by a(n) ________ bias.

David Myers is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are rash drivers. He feels that people driving SUVs do not respect road rules and always violate traffic regulations. What personal factor is most likely to be affecting Myers' perception of SUV drivers?

Which of the following is a factor present in a target which may affect a person's perception?

What is the first step in the rational decision-making model?

Explain the relationship between decision making and perception.

According to the attribution theory, ________ is one of the three main factors which attempt to determine an individual's behavior.

Explain how stereotyping can cause problems for some managers when making ethical decisions. Provide an example.

What is escalation of commitment? Explain.

When two people witness something at the same time and in the same situation yet interpret it differently, factors that operate to shape their perceptions reside in the ________.

What is an anchoring bias?

A manager believes that he should not hire older workers because they can't learn new skills. This belief is an example of ________.

Johanna Murray, a climate campaigner at The National Footprint Foundation, is known in her organization to be a campaigner of caliber and high performance. She has strong networks with the Ministry of Environment and allies with several environmental organizations in the country. Over the years, she has gained substantial knowledge on the issue of climate change. However, recently when she prepared a consolidated report on a conference she attended on climate change, it reflected major loopholes and limited information from the conference. Which of the following, if true, substantiates that Johanna had an anchoring bias?

Amanda Winter worked as a public engagement coordinator at Safe Food Alliance until three months ago when her manager, Laura Morris, promoted her to the position of a sustainable food campaigner. However, soon after this, Laura noticed that Amanda was facing major difficulties in achieving campaign milestones and the project was falling behind schedule due to her lack of performance. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Laura was influenced by the halo effect in her decision to promote Amanda?