Question 1

Compare and contrast the biological and psychological approaches to criminology.

Accepted Answer

Biological: Crime as a medical problem, ...

Question 2

Lombroso's theory that criminals could be denoted on the basis of their facial appearance is referred to as phrenology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

______ is the single most important trait in distinguishing violence in individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)   Gender
B)   Age
C)   Education
D)   Socioeconomic statusE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Define positivism.

Accepted Answer

The use of empirical...

Question 5

After observing other children fighting on the playground, a young boy begins to pick a fight with one of his classmates. This scenario is most closely an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   feeblemindedness
B)   social learning theory
C)   operant conditioning
D)   criminal personalityE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The nature versus nurture debate questions whether criminality is explained by one's environment (nature) or genetics (nurture).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Identify the four types of criminals proposed by Ferri.

Accepted Answer

Insane, bo...

Question 8

Positivism is scientific or quantitative approach to criminology that searches for pathology, uses the scientific method, and suggests therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Briefly describe what Robert Dugsdale concluded from his study of the "Jukes."

Accepted Answer

In his book The Juke...

Question 10

The most important figure in biological positivism was ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Cesare Lombroso
B)   William Sheldon
C)   Cesare Beccaria
D)   Robert DugsdaleE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

According to some scholars, IQ is a better predictor of delinquency that is the mother's social class among Caucasian boys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

All of the following were identified as elements of the positivistic approach EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the application of the scientific method
B)   discovery and diagnoses of pathology that underlies the criminal's actions
C)   punishment, either jail or prison
D)   treatmentE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 13

All of the following problems associated with early biological theories are true except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   most studies reflect the dualistic fallacy
B)   not all biological differences are inherited
C)   most analyses are plagued by weak operationalization
D)   many of these studies are based on large samplesE) B) and C)
F) A) and B) D

Question 14

Which of the following was used on a selective basis with consenting patients after other treatments were exhausted?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychometry
B)   psychosurgery
C)   lobotomy
D)   cingulotomyE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

If a person had a medical procedure in the 1940s to alter his or her brain tissue to alter his/her behavior, this would be referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   phrenology
B)   psychometry
C)   psychosurgery
D)   physiognomyE) B) and C)
F) A) and D) C

Question 16

Henry Goddard was the first to use the term moron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) also has been claimed to be linked to impaired brain function and violent crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Explain the theory-policy connection as it relates to positivism.

Accepted Answer

Shift from "why is there crime in society?" to "why is this individual a criminal?"; positivism encouraged rehabilitation and reformation; psychological emphasized counseling and improving the lot of potential criminals; paradigm shift from punishment to rehabilitation

Question 19

______ are thin, fragile of form, introverted, sensitive, and subject to worrying.

Accepted Answer

A)   Ectomorphs
B)   Mesomorphs
C)   Mendomorphs
D)   EndomorphsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Why are twin and adoption studies used in studies of criminality?

Accepted Answer

They help us identif...

Exam 6: Biological and Psychological Theories

Compare and contrast the biological and psychological approaches to criminology.

Correct AnswerverifiedBiological: Crime as a medical problem, ...View AnswerShow Answer

Lombroso's theory that criminals could be denoted on the basis of their facial appearance is referred to as phrenology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______ is the single most important trait in distinguishing violence in individuals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define positivism.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe use of empirical...View AnswerShow Answer

After observing other children fighting on the playground, a young boy begins to pick a fight with one of his classmates. This scenario is most closely an example of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nature versus nurture debate questions whether criminality is explained by one's environment (nature) or genetics (nurture).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the four types of criminals proposed by Ferri.

Correct AnswerverifiedInsane, bo...View AnswerShow Answer

Positivism is scientific or quantitative approach to criminology that searches for pathology, uses the scientific method, and suggests therapy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe what Robert Dugsdale concluded from his study of the "Jukes."

Correct AnswerverifiedIn his book The Juke...View AnswerShow Answer

The most important figure in biological positivism was ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to some scholars, IQ is a better predictor of delinquency that is the mother's social class among Caucasian boys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following were identified as elements of the positivistic approach EXCEPT ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following problems associated with early biological theories are true except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following was used on a selective basis with consenting patients after other treatments were exhausted?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a person had a medical procedure in the 1940s to alter his or her brain tissue to alter his/her behavior, this would be referred to as ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Henry Goddard was the first to use the term moron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) also has been claimed to be linked to impaired brain function and violent crime.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the theory-policy connection as it relates to positivism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShift from "why is there crime in society?" to "why is this individual a criminal?"; positivism encouraged rehabilitation and reformation; psychological emphasized counseling and improving the lot of potential criminals; paradigm shift from punishment to rehabilitation

______ are thin, fragile of form, introverted, sensitive, and subject to worrying.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are twin and adoption studies used in studies of criminality?

Correct AnswerverifiedThey help us identif...View AnswerShow Answer

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Biological: Crime as a medical problem, ...
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The use of empirical...
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Insane, bo...
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In his book The Juke...
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D

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C

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Shift from "why is there crime in society?" to "why is this individual a criminal?"; positivism encouraged rehabilitation and reformation; psychological emphasized counseling and improving the lot of potential criminals; paradigm shift from punishment to rehabilitation

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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They help us identif...
View Answer