Question 1

Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  on the plasma membrane
B)  in the nucleus
C)  in the cytoplasm
D)  in chromatophoresE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule
B)  because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing molecule
C)  because the DNA molecule only unwinds in the 5' to 3' direction
D)  because DNA polymerase requires the addition of a starter nucleotide at the 5' endE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding RNA is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA uses the sugar dextrose.
B)  RNA uses the nitrogenous base uracil.
C)  One RNA molecule can include four different nucleotides in its structure.
D)  RNA molecules have a sugar-phosphate backbone.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

The way that genetic material of a bacteriophage enters a bacterium is most like the way that

Accepted Answer

A)  a drug is injected with a hypodermic needle.
B)  a person swallows a pill.
C)  skin lotion is rubbed onto the hands.
D)  water soaks into a sponge.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 5

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by the buildup of glucose in the blood, or hyperglycemia. Diabetes results either from the pancreas not being able to produce the hormone insulin (type 1 diabetes)  or if the body's cells become resistant to insulin (type 2 diabetes) . Insulin is a protein that binds to receptors on cell surfaces to allow glucose to enter the cell.
In order to manage the disease, type 1 diabetics require frequent insulin injections. Until the 1970s, insulin was obtained from processing the pancreases of large mammals such as cows and pigs; it was then purified for medicinal use. This all changed in the 1970s with the advent of recombinant DNA technology, which allows scientists to insert genes from other species into bacterial plasmids and have bacteria produce proteins from these other species' genes. In 1978, the gene that codes for human insulin was added to a bacterial plasmid and bacteria were used to produce human insulin. These bacteria acted as mini-factories that produced human insulin for type 1 diabetes patients. Today, the production of human insulin from bacteria is commonplace and is a multibillion dollar market for pharmaceutical companies.
-Suppose that the human insulin protein that was produced by the bacteria was much shorter than it should be. Upon further investigation, it was found that the DNA of the human insulin gene had a mutation while in the bacterial cells. What type of mutation could not result in these observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotide insertion
B)  silent mutation
C)  nucleotide deletion
D)  nonsense mutationE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Below are three statements. Which of the following choices properly matches the statements with the correct biological processes? I. This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
II)  Transfer RNAs bind amino acids in the cytoplasm.
III)  A polymerase enzyme is required.

Accepted Answer

A)  I: replication; II: translation; III: transcription
B)  I: translation; II: translation; III: replication
C)  I: transcription; II: translation; III: translation
D)  I: replication; II: transcription; III: replicationE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Considering only the steps that take place during translation, which of the following is not needed in order for translation to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA template
B)  ribosomes
C)  tRNA
D)  sources of energy, including ATPE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Viral DNA incorporated into host cell DNA is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  capsid.
B)  prophage.
C)  envelope.
D)  phage.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about treatment or prevention of a prion infection is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiotic therapies such as penicillin are very effective cures.
B)  High doses of anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen reduce the symptoms of prion infections.
C)  Preventative vaccines have recently been shown to be effective in preventing prion infections.
D)  There is no known treatment or cure for prion infections.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Conjugation between a bacterium that lacks an F factor (F⁻) and a bacterium that has an F factor on its chromosome (F⁺) could produce which of the following results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The F⁻ bacterium ends up carrying one or more plasmids from the F⁺ bacterium; the F⁺ bacterium is unchanged.
B)  The F⁺ bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F⁻ bacterium, and the F⁻ bacterium ends up with an unaltered chromosome.
C)  The F⁺ bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F⁻ bacterium, and the F⁻ bacterium ends up with a chromosome that lacks those genes.
D)  The F⁻ bacterium ends up with a recombinant chromosome that carries some genes from the F⁺ bacterium, and the F⁺ bacterium ends up with an unaltered chromosome.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  elongation of the growing RNA molecule
B)  termination of the RNA molecule
C)  initiation of a new RNA molecule
D)  initiation of a new polypeptide chainE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 12

A eukaryotic cell has a nuclear envelope that allows tRNA molecules, but not mRNA molecules, to leave the nucleus. Which of the following processes will not be able to take place in this cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication
B)  tRNAs binding to codons
C)  RNA being made from DNA
D)  tRNAs binding to amino acidsE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  phage.
B)  retrovirus.
C)  rhinovirus.
D)  coronavirus.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 14

We would expect that a 15-nucleotide sequence that includes a stop codon at the end (as part of the 15-nucleotide sequence) will direct the production of a polypeptide that consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  two amino acids.
B)  three amino acids.
C)  four amino acids.
D)  five amino acids.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Which of the following takes place during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins
B)  the conversion of genetic information from DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides
C)  the conversion of genetic information from the language of proteins to the language of enzymes
D)  DNA replicationE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  terminator.
B)  transposon.
C)  mutagen.
D)  anticodon.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

What nucleotide sequence would be found on the partner DNA strand of the strand shown?

Accepted Answer

A)  ACTGT
B)  UGAGA
C)  TGACA
D)  TGUGUE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

The shape of a DNA molecule is most like

Accepted Answer

A)  a set of railroad tracks.
B)  a wooden ladder.
C)  a twisted rope ladder.
D)  beads on a string.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Introns are added to the RNA.
B)  Exons are spliced together.
C)  A small cap of extra nucleotides is added to both ends of the RNA.
D)  The modified RNA molecule is transported into the nucleus.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following enzymes does HIV use to synthesize DNA on an RNA template?

Accepted Answer

A)  ligase
B)  RNA polymerase
C)  reverse transcriptase
D)  DNA convertaseE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 10: Molecular Biology of the Gene

Viral DNA incorporated into host cell DNA is known as a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

A eukaryotic cell has a nuclear envelope that allows tRNA molecules, but not mRNA molecules, to leave the nucleus. Which of the following processes will not be able to take place in this cell?

Correct Answer
verified

Considering only the steps that take place during translation, which of the following is not needed in order for translation to occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following takes place during translation?

Correct Answer
verified

The shape of a DNA molecule is most like

Correct Answer
verified

A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA?

Correct Answer
verified

Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction?

Correct Answer
verified

We would expect that a 15-nucleotide sequence that includes a stop codon at the end (as part of the 15-nucleotide sequence) will direct the production of a polypeptide that consists of

Correct Answer
verified

What nucleotide sequence would be found on the partner DNA strand of the strand shown?

Correct Answer
verified

One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a

Correct Answer
verified

The way that genetic material of a bacteriophage enters a bacterium is most like the way that

Correct Answer
verified

Conjugation between a bacterium that lacks an F factor (F⁻) and a bacterium that has an F factor on its chromosome (F⁺) could produce which of the following results?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following enzymes does HIV use to synthesize DNA on an RNA template?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding RNA is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Below are three statements. Which of the following choices properly matches the statements with the correct biological processes? I. This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. II) Transfer RNAs bind amino acids in the cytoplasm. III) A polymerase enzyme is required.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about treatment or prevention of a prion infection is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 10: Molecular Biology of the Gene

Viral DNA incorporated into host cell DNA is known as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A eukaryotic cell has a nuclear envelope that allows tRNA molecules, but not mRNA molecules, to leave the nucleus. Which of the following processes will not be able to take place in this cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Considering only the steps that take place during translation, which of the following is not needed in order for translation to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following takes place during translation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The shape of a DNA molecule is most like

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A physical or chemical agent that changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We would expect that a 15-nucleotide sequence that includes a stop codon at the end (as part of the 15-nucleotide sequence) will direct the production of a polypeptide that consists of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What nucleotide sequence would be found on the partner DNA strand of the strand shown?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The way that genetic material of a bacteriophage enters a bacterium is most like the way that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conjugation between a bacterium that lacks an F factor (F⁻) and a bacterium that has an F factor on its chromosome (F⁺) could produce which of the following results?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following enzymes does HIV use to synthesize DNA on an RNA template?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding RNA is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Below are three statements. Which of the following choices properly matches the statements with the correct biological processes? I. This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. II) Transfer RNAs bind amino acids in the cytoplasm. III) A polymerase enzyme is required.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about treatment or prevention of a prion infection is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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