Question 1

Like many insects, some amphibians undergo ________ in their life cycle as they have distinct larval and adult stages.

Accepted Answer

A)  aquatic development followed by terrestrial existence
B)  development in a nest followed by flight
C)  metamorphosis
D)  alternation of generationsE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

According to this figure, which two groups are most closely related?

Accepted Answer

A)  tarsiers and gibbons
B)  gorillas and orangutans
C)  chimpanzees and gibbons
D)  Old World monkeys and humansE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Of all of the chordate groups, why are there only two amniote groups (reptilia and mammalia) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amniotes are the only chordate group that has successfully survived the transition to land.
B)  The other craniate groups had brains that were not developed enough to allow the organisms to develop tool-building survival skills.
C)  The vertebral columns of the other vertebrates were not strong enough to survive the transition to land.
D)  The other jawed vertebrates were not able to obtain enough food to survive the transition to land.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

________ spend almost all of their time on the ground, instead of in trees.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gorillas
B)  Orangutans
C)  Gibbons
D)  ChimpanzeesE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The American brook lamprey is a freshwater lamprey that lives in streams. Lampreys move streambed stones to make a nest in which to lay their eggs. Which defining feature of the lamprey might enable it to move these stones?

Accepted Answer

A)  slime
B)  head with a skull
C)  notochord
D)  oral diskE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Lampreys differ from fishes in that lampreys

Accepted Answer

A)  lack a backbone.
B)  lack an endoskeleton.
C)  lack jaws.
D)  possess a backbone and skull.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Use the figure below to answer the following questions.
 
-The main difference between the earliest evolved tetrapods and the most recently evolved tetrapods is that

Accepted Answer

A)  later tetrapods have larger brains.
B)  later tetrapods produce milk to feed their young.
C)  early tetrapods lack legs.
D)  early tetrapods lack a vertebral column.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which part of the body is likely to be much more diverse in mammals compared to that in other groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  the teeth
B)  the structure of the vertebrae
C)  the structure of the limbs
D)  the jawboneE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

The hominin group includes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Homo sapiens only
B)  Homo sapiens and several extinct human relatives.
C)  humans and all other apes.
D)  all anthropoids.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Reptiles are not able to eat as frequently as mammals and birds can eat. This is due to a trait that mammals and birds share but that reptiles do not have. What is this trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  airfoils
B)  endothermy
C)  amniotic egg
D)  teethE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

A prehensile tail is like an opposable thumb in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  evolved before the anthropoids.
B)  are used for grasping.
C)  can be fully bent in any direction.
D)  are characteristics of the earliest primates.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The key derived character of the lobe-finned fish is

Accepted Answer

A)  the lateral line system.
B)  the series of rod-shaped bones in their pectoral and pelvic fins.
C)  the operculum.
D)  the flattened scales covering their skin.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Craniates are chordates that all possess

Accepted Answer

A)  a head.
B)  jaws.
C)  a vertebral column.
D)  amniotic eggs.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Natural populations of lemurs are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  Borneo.
B)  North Africa.
C)  New Zealand.
D)  Madagascar.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the current scientific view of birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of feathered, endothermic dinosaurs
B)  a group of feathered, ectothermic lizards that lack teeth
C)  a group of flying, endothermic reptiles that have lost teeth, the amniotic egg, and other heavy body features as an adaptation for flight
D)  a group of flying mammals that are derived from monotremes, which also lay amniotic eggsE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Compared to other primates, anthropoids have

Accepted Answer

A)  a decreased reliance upon vision.
B)  a stronger reliance upon smell.
C)  a fully opposable thumb.
D)  smaller total body size in most cases.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  A line of lobe-finned fishes gave rise to tetrapods, and a line of tetrapods gave rise to modern amphibians.
B)  A line of tetrapods gave rise to chordates, and a line of lobe-finned fishes gave rise to tetrapods.
C)  A line of amphibians gave rise to tetrapods, and a line of lobe-finned fishes gave rise to modern amphibians.
D)  Tetrapods and amphibians evolved at approximately the same time, while lobe-finned fishes evolved 2 million years later.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Unlike sharks and rays, ray-finned fishes have

Accepted Answer

A)  an operculum.
B)  a lateral line system.
C)  a flexible skeleton made of cartilage.
D)  hinged jaws.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Complete the analogy: ________ are to plant evolution as ________ is/are to vertebrate evolution.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ferns; insects
B)  Mosses; Tiktaalik
C)  Angiosperms; fungi
D)  Fungi; birdsE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Amphibians were diverse and abundant in the lush swamp forests of the ________, which is sometimes referred to as the age of the amphibians.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cambrian period
B)  Pleistocene epoch
C)  Mesozoic era
D)  Carboniferous periodE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Exam 19: The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

A prehensile tail is like an opposable thumb in that both

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________ spend almost all of their time on the ground, instead of in trees.

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Reptiles are not able to eat as frequently as mammals and birds can eat. This is due to a trait that mammals and birds share but that reptiles do not have. What is this trait?

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Which part of the body is likely to be much more diverse in mammals compared to that in other groups?

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Natural populations of lemurs are found in

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Like many insects, some amphibians undergo ________ in their life cycle as they have distinct larval and adult stages.

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Unlike sharks and rays, ray-finned fishes have

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Of all of the chordate groups, why are there only two amniote groups (reptilia and mammalia) ?

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The hominin group includes ________.

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Complete the analogy: ________ are to plant evolution as ________ is/are to vertebrate evolution.

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Compared to other primates, anthropoids have

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Craniates are chordates that all possess

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Use the figure below to answer the following questions. -The main difference between the earliest evolved tetrapods and the most recently evolved tetrapods is that

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Amphibians were diverse and abundant in the lush swamp forests of the ________, which is sometimes referred to as the age of the amphibians.

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Lampreys differ from fishes in that lampreys

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The key derived character of the lobe-finned fish is

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Which of the following statements is true?

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According to this figure, which two groups are most closely related?

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Which of the following statements best describes the current scientific view of birds?

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The American brook lamprey is a freshwater lamprey that lives in streams. Lampreys move streambed stones to make a nest in which to lay their eggs. Which defining feature of the lamprey might enable it to move these stones?

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Complete the analogy: are to plant evolution as is/are to vertebrate evolution.

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