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What is adolescent egocentrism? What are its key components?

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Adolescent egocentrism is the heightened...

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What are the factors that provide a basis for improvement in critical thinking during adolescence?

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The factors that provide a basis for imp...

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_____ is a kind of "mental workbench" where information is manipulated and assembled to help make decisions,solve problems,and comprehend written and spoken language.


A) Intermediate memory
B) Long-term memory
C) Short-term memory
D) Working memory

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The National Research Council (2004) recommended which of the following as a way to improve U.S.high schools?


A) Involve students in public health care.
B) Discourage students from taking on community service involvement.
C) Find ways to get students more engaged in learning.
D) Encourage students to focus on one extracurricular activity at a time.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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In the _____ approach,every school is expected to have an explicit moral code that is clearly communicated to students.Any violations of the code will be met with sanctions.


A) hidden curriculum
B) character education
C) political orientation
D) values clarification

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In a typical _____ program,high school students meet in a semester-long course to discuss a number of moral issues.The instructor acts as a facilitator,rather than as a director,of the class.


A) hidden curriculum
B) character education
C) cognitive moral education
D) values clarification

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Cognitive moral education is a concept based on the belief that:


A) students should be encouraged to define their own moral values and to understand the moral values of others.
B) students need to be taught a basic moral literacy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior and doing harm to themselves and others.
C) students should learn to value such aspects of life as democracy and justice as their moral reasoning develops.
D) students can learn moral values only through observational learning.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Lawrence Kohlberg's theory has been the basis for a number of _____ programs.


A) cognitive moral education
B) values clarification
C) service learning
D) character education

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following cognitive changes that occur during adolescence allow(s) for improved critical thinking?


A) Increased breadth of content knowledge in a variety of domains.
B) Improvement in concrete thinking.
C) Increased ability to indulge in idealistic thinking.
D) Engaging in imaginary audience and personal story processes.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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At Boston Sacred Heart School all the students in grades 9 to 12 are asked to participate in community building programs.Students were asked to choose from a wide range of initiatives,such as helping older adults,conducting activities in orphaneges,assisting animal-welfare workers,etc.The school also conducted group discussions where children were encouraged to reflect upon their experiences.This program aimed at enabling the students to become less self-centered and promote prosocial behavior.In this example,Boston Sacred Heart School uses _____.


A) life skillsbased training
B) service learning
C) classical conditioning
D) operant conditioning

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Turning Points 2000 continued to endorse the recommendations set forth in Turning Points 1989.One new recommendation in the 2000 report stated that:


A) it is important to teach a curriculum grounded in rigorous academic standards for what students should know and should be able to learn.
B) large middle schools can develop smaller "communities" or "houses" to lessen their impersonal nature.
C) it is important to involve parents and community leaders in schools.
D) it is important to lower student-to-counselor ratios from several hundred-to-1 to 10-to-

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The heightened self-consciousness of adolescence,the belief that everyone is as interested in them as they are in themselves,and a sense of personal uniqueness and invulnerability are all parts of:


A) adolescent egocentrism.
B) hypothetical-deductive reasoning.
C) realistic reasoning.
D) concrete operational thinking.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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A direct approach that involves teaching students a basic moral literacy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior and harming themselves or others is called:


A) hidden curriculum.
B) character education.
C) service learning.
D) value clarification.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Children are likely to solve problems _____,whereas adolescents begin to solve problems _____.


A) idealistically;through inductive reasoning
B) through trial and error;systematically
C) by thinking them through carefully;by guessing
D) using heuristics;using past experience

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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What is character education?

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Character education refers to a direct e...

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Idealistic beliefs about possibilities that can change the world for the better are characteristic of the _____ stage of cognitive development.


A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operations
D) formal operations

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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During formal operational stage,_____ dominates.


A) trial-and-error problem solving
B) egocentrism
C) assimilation
D) pragmatism

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The 1989 Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development report recommended that middle schools:


A) should separate students into smaller,more personal units and involve parents more.
B) should focus on the academic curriculum and downplay the extracurricular programs.
C) should increase student-to-counselor ratios.
D) should be integrated with high schools to take advantage of having older adolescents as role models.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Describe the key changes in adolescent information processing and explain how these changes affect the adolescent.

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Students' answers may vary.
* Memory: Du...

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_____ refers to an adolescent's belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are,as well as their attention-getting behavior.


A) Personal fable
B) Social comparison
C) Imaginary audience
D) Perspective thinking

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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