Question 1

Infections with some viruses may induce chromosomal changes that alter the growth properties of host cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Superantigens produce intense immune responses by stimulating lymphocytes to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  endotoxins.
B)  exotoxins.
C)  cytokines.
D)  leukocidins.
E)  interferons.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 3

Nonpathogenic Vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis.
B)  lysogenic conversion.
C)  conjugation.
D)  transformation.
E)  infecting a pathogenic Vibrio cholerae.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of direct damage due to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  the uncontrolled muscle contractions in Clostridium tetani infection
B)  the invasion and lysis of intestinal cells by E.coli
C)  the hemolysis of red blood cells in a staphylococcal infection
D)  the fever,nausea,and low blood pressure in a Salmonella infection
E)  the excessive secretion of fluids in a Vibrio cholera infectionF) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

The M protein enhances the virulence of Streptococcus by preventing phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which pathogen and virulence factor are mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae - capsule
B)  Streptococcus pyogenes - M protein
C)  Clostridium - hyaluronidase
D)  Shigella sonnei - coagulase
E)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae - IgA proteaseF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat

Accepted Answer

A)  viral infections.
B)  gram-negative bacterial infections.
C)  gram-positive bacterial infections.
D)  protozoan infections.
E)  helminth infestations.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

For what reason might the ID50 for Salmonella Typhi decrease when a rat simultaneously ingests sulfa drugs with the pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would not;the ID50 goes up.
B)  The antimicrobial interferes with the microbiome enabling the pathogen to more easily establish infection.
C)  There would not be an effect on the ID50.
D)  The antimicrobial inactivates stomach acid and allows the pathogen to more readily pass to the intestine.
E)  Salmonella Typhi becomes stronger in the presence of sulfa drugs.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Table 15.1   Bacterium  Portal of Entry  D50  Staphylococcus aureus  Wound <10 Staphylococcus aureus  Wound + Ampicillin 300\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } \hline 	ext { Bacterium } & 	ext { Portal of Entry } & 	ext { D50 } \\hline 	ext { Staphylococcus aureus } & 	ext { Wound } & < 10 \\hline 	ext { Staphylococcus aureus } & 	ext { Wound + Ampicillin } & 300 \\hline\end{array} Bacterium  Staphylococcus aureus  Staphylococcus aureus ​ Portal of Entry  Wound  Wound + Ampicillin ​ D50 <10300​​ 
Table 15.1 shows the ID₅₀ for Staphylococcus aureus in wounds with and without the administration of ampicillin before surgery.Based on the data,the administration of ampicillin before surgery

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases the risk of staphylococcal infection.
B)  increases the risk of staphylococcal infection.
C)  has no effect on risk of infection.
D)  replaces tetracycline.
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Lysogenic bacteriophages contribute to bacterial virulence because bacteriophages

Accepted Answer

A)  give new gene sequences to the host bacteria.
B)  produce toxins.
C)  carry plasmids.
D)  kill the bacteria,causing release of endotoxins.
E)  kill human cells.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

All of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  toxins.
B)  capsules.
C)  cell wall components.
D)  hyaluronidase.
E)  coagulases.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Compare and contrast endotoxins and exotoxins.Why are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?

Accepted Answer

Endotoxins and exotoxins are both types ...

Question 13

Cholera toxin polypeptide A binds to surface gangliosides on target cells.If the gangliosides were removed,

Accepted Answer

A)  polypeptide A would bind to target cells.
B)  polypeptide A would enter the cells.
C)  polypeptide B would not be able to enter the cells.
D)  Vibrio would not produce cholera toxin.
E)  Vibrio would bind to target cells.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Symptoms of intense inflammation and shock occur in some gram-positive bacterial infections due to

Accepted Answer

A)  A-B toxins.
B)  lipid A.
C)  membrane-disrupting toxins.
D)  superantigens.
E)  erythrogenic toxin.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

All of the following are used by bacteria to attach to host cells EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  M protein.
B)  ligands.
C)  fimbriae.
D)  capsules.
E)  A-B toxins.F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

Accepted Answer

A)  infection.
B)  septic shock symptoms.
C)  giant cell formation.
D)  nerve damage.
E)  no damage,because they are sterile.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 17

The ID₅₀ is

Accepted Answer

A)  a measure of pathogenicity.
B)  the dose that will cause an infection in 50 percent of the test population.
C)  the dose that will kill some of the test population.
D)  the dose that will cause an infection in some of the test population.
E)  the dose that will kill 50 percent of the test population.F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following cytopathic effects is cytocidal?

Accepted Answer

A)  inclusion bodies
B)  giant cells
C)  antigenic changes
D)  transformation
E)  release of enzymes from lysosomesF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 19

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Salmonella typhi.
B)  Clostridium botulinum.
C)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
D)  Clostridium tetani.
E)  Staphylococcus aureus.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Injectable drugs are tested for endotoxins by

Accepted Answer

A)  the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test.
B)  counting the viable bacteria.
C)  filtering out the cells.
D)  looking for turbidity.
E)  culturing bacteria.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

The M protein enhances the virulence of Streptococcus by preventing phagocytosis.

Correct Answer
verified

Symptoms of intense inflammation and shock occur in some gram-positive bacterial infections due to

Correct Answer
verified

For what reason might the ID50 for Salmonella Typhi decrease when a rat simultaneously ingests sulfa drugs with the pathogen?

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following cytopathic effects is cytocidal?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of direct damage due to bacterial infection?

Correct Answer
verified

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

Correct Answer
verified

Injectable drugs are tested for endotoxins by

Correct Answer
verified

Infections with some viruses may induce chromosomal changes that alter the growth properties of host cells.

Correct Answer
verified

The ID₅₀ is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat

Correct Answer
verified

Nonpathogenic Vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by

Correct Answer
verified

Which pathogen and virulence factor are mismatched?

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast endotoxins and exotoxins.Why are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Endotoxins and exotoxins are both types ...
View Answer

All of the following are used by bacteria to attach to host cells EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Superantigens produce intense immune responses by stimulating lymphocytes to produce

Correct Answer
verified

Lysogenic bacteriophages contribute to bacterial virulence because bacteriophages

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Cholera toxin polypeptide A binds to surface gangliosides on target cells.If the gangliosides were removed,

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

The M protein enhances the virulence of Streptococcus by preventing phagocytosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Symptoms of intense inflammation and shock occur in some gram-positive bacterial infections due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For what reason might the ID50 for Salmonella Typhi decrease when a rat simultaneously ingests sulfa drugs with the pathogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cytopathic effects is cytocidal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of direct damage due to bacterial infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Injectable drugs are tested for endotoxins by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infections with some viruses may induce chromosomal changes that alter the growth properties of host cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ID₅₀ is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nonpathogenic Vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which pathogen and virulence factor are mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast endotoxins and exotoxins.Why are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIEndotoxins and exotoxins are both types ...View AnswerShow Answer

All of the following are used by bacteria to attach to host cells EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Superantigens produce intense immune responses by stimulating lymphocytes to produce

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lysogenic bacteriophages contribute to bacterial virulence because bacteriophages

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cholera toxin polypeptide A binds to surface gangliosides on target cells.If the gangliosides were removed,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Endotoxins and exotoxins are both types ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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