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An antigenic _____ occurs when genome segments from different influenza strains recombine.

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This infection is marked by labored, noisy breathing and a hoarse cough:


A) croup
B) mumps
C) influenza
D) measles (rubeola)
E) rubella

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Treatment of an animal bite for possible rabies includes:


A) debridement.
B) wash bite with soap or detergent.
C) wound is infused with human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) .
D) postexposure vaccination with HDCV.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Retroviruses have the enzyme _____ that catalyzes the replication of DNA from viral RNA.

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reverse tr...

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Which is incorrect about rabies?


A) is a zoonotic disease
B) wild populations of bats, skunks, raccoons, cats, and canines are primary reservoirs
C) transmission can involve bites, scratches, and inhalation
D) average incubation in human is one week
E) symptoms include anxiety, agitation, muscle spasms, convulsions, paralysis

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following is incorrect regarding coronaviruses?


A) One type can cause the common cold.
B) One type can cause SARS.
C) They are common animal viruses in pigs, dogs, cats, and poultry.
D) There are no tests to confirm diagnosis.
E) There is no specific treatment other than supportive care.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person.

A) True
B) False

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Which is incorrect about measles?


A) Koplik spots appear before the characteristic rash.
B) Humans are the sole reservoir.
C) Vaccination is with an attenuated oral vaccine.
D) It is also known as rubeola.
E) It is one of the most contagious infectious diseases.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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What does AIDS stand for?


A) aids induced diseases
B) aids in disguises
C) acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
D) human acquired immunodeficiency syndromes

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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All arboviruses involve:


A) congenital infection.
B) arthropod vectors.
C) diarrhea.
D) birds as the primary reservoir.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Yellow fever and dengue fever are:


A) caused by arboviruses.
B) caused by viruses that disrupt capillaries and blood clotting.
C) zoonoses.
D) transmitted by a mosquito vector.
E) All of the choices are correct.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Respiratory syncytial virus and Rotavirus are major causes of global outbreaks in infants 6 months of age, or younger.

A) True
B) False

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Rubella is:


A) caused by the measles virus (Morbillivirus) .
B) a zoonosis.
C) associated with congenital transmission causing miscarriage, deafness, and cardiac and mental defects.
D) seen as high fever, severe sore throat, severe cough, and myalgia.
E) All of the choices are correct

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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