Question 1

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Increased angiotensin II activation _____ aldosterone secretion.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases
B)  decreases
C)  has no effect onD) B) and C)
E) A) and B)

Question 2

Filtration slits:

Accepted Answer

A)   provide a pathway through which fluid from the glomerulus can enter the Bowman's capsule..
B)   allow proteins to pass into the filtrate
C)   are not found in all nephrons
D)   do not allow nutrients to pass into the filtrate
E)   are important in the ability of the kidneys to produce urine of varying concentration.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Increased aldosterone secretion _____ Na+ reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases
B)  decreases
C)  has no effect onD) B) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 4

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic.
-It inhibits Na+ reabsorption by the renal tubules.

Accepted Answer

A)  renin
B)  angiotensinogen
C)  angiotensin I
D)  angiotensin II
E)  aldosteroneF) atrial natriuretic peptideG) A) and B)
H) B) and C)

Question 5

Secretion of organic ions takes place in the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Bowman's capsule.
B)   loop of Henle.
C)   proximal tubule.
D)   collecting duct.
E)   glomerulus.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

During reabsorption, for the most part chloride ions:

Accepted Answer

A)   pass between cells
B)   move down their electrical gradient
C)   move against their concentration gradient
D)   both (a)  and (b) 
E)   all of the aboveF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

The three major processes involved in urine formation are filtration, reabsorption, and excretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

Accepted Answer

urinary in...

Question 9

The glomerular filtrate

Accepted Answer

A)   is a protein-free plasma.
B)   is formed as a result of passive forces acting across the glomerular membrane.
C)   does not contain foreign compounds because these substances are secreted by special transport mechanisms in the proximal tubule instead.
D)   both (a)  and (b)  above.
E)   all of these answers.F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Describe how the vertical osmotic gradient is used to create urine of various dilutions.

Accepted Answer

The counter current system of the loop o...

Question 11

The ____ establish the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication.

Accepted Answer

A)   loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
B)   loops of Henle of cortical nephrons
C)   vasa recta of juxtamedullary nephrons
D)   vasa recta of cortical nephrons
E)   vasopressin-secreting cellsF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding tubular reabsorption is incorrect? Tubular reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)   refers to the movement of a substance from the tubular fluid to the peritubular capillary blood.
B)   is important for the conservation of substances important to the body, such as Na+, Cl-, glucose, and amino acids.
C)   can occur by active or passive transport mechanisms.
D)   involves the process of transepithelial transport.
E)   takes place only in the proximal tubule.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 13

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction ____ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to ____, leading to a(n)  ____ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ____ in the GFR.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases, increase, increase, increase
B)   decreases, decrease, decrease, decrease
C)   increases, increase, decrease, decrease
D)   decreases, decrease, increase, increase
E)   none of these answers.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code.
-Increased K+ in body fluids______ renin secretion.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases
B)  decreases
C)  has no effect onD) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 16

Explain how both voluntary and involuntary responses are associated with micturition.

Accepted Answer

The emptying of the bladder is a combina...

Question 17

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics
-fluid entering is this structure is hypertonic, but when it leaves is hypotonic

Accepted Answer

A)  afferent arteriole
B)  glomerulus
C)  efferent arteriole
D)  Bowman's capsule
E)  proximal tubuleF) descending limb of loop of HenleG) ascending limb of loop of HenleH) distal tubuleI) collecting ductJ) A) and D)
K) D) and I)

Question 18

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: The Urinary System

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

Correct Answer
verified

____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

Correct Answer
verified
urinary in...
View Answer

The ____ establish the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication.

Correct Answer
verified

During reabsorption, for the most part chloride ions:

Correct Answer
verified

Describe how the vertical osmotic gradient is used to create urine of various dilutions.

Correct Answer
verified
The counter current system of the loop o...
View Answer

Secretion of organic ions takes place in the:

Correct Answer
verified

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to , leading to a(n) in the net filtration pressure and a resultant in the GFR.

Correct Answer
verified

The glomerular filtrate

Correct Answer
verified

Explain how both voluntary and involuntary responses are associated with micturition.

Correct Answer
verified
The emptying of the bladder is a combina...
View Answer

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -It inhibits Na⁺ reabsorption by the renal tubules.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding tubular reabsorption is incorrect? Tubular reabsorption

Correct Answer
verified

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

Correct Answer
verified

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K⁺ in body fluids______ renin secretion.

Correct Answer
verified

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics -fluid entering is this structure is hypertonic, but when it leaves is hypotonic

Correct Answer
verified

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased angiotensin II activation _____ aldosterone secretion.

Correct Answer
verified

Filtration slits:

Correct Answer
verified

The three major processes involved in urine formation are filtration, reabsorption, and excretion.

Correct Answer
verified

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased aldosterone secretion _____ Na⁺ reabsorption.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: The Urinary System

The kidneys are the organs that are primarily responsible for maintaining constancy of the volume and electrolyte composition of the internal fluid environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____________________ is the inability to prevent the discharge of urine.

Correct Answerverifiedurinary in...View AnswerShow Answer

The ____ establish the medullary vertical osmotic gradient by means of countercurrent multiplication.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During reabsorption, for the most part chloride ions:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how the vertical osmotic gradient is used to create urine of various dilutions.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe counter current system of the loop o...View AnswerShow Answer

Secretion of organic ions takes place in the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction ____ blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to ____, leading to a(n) ____ in the net filtration pressure and a resultant ____ in the GFR.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The glomerular filtrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how both voluntary and involuntary responses are associated with micturition.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe emptying of the bladder is a combina...View AnswerShow Answer

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -It inhibits Na+ reabsorption by the renal tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding tubular reabsorption is incorrect? Tubular reabsorption

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is higher than capillary pressure elsewhere in the body primarily because the afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K+ in body fluids______ renin secretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the nephron structure to the characteristics -fluid entering is this structure is hypertonic, but when it leaves is hypotonic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased angiotensin II activation _____ aldosterone secretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Filtration slits:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three major processes involved in urine formation are filtration, reabsorption, and excretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased aldosterone secretion _____ Na+ reabsorption.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
urinary in...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The counter current system of the loop o...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to , leading to a(n) in the net filtration pressure and a resultant in the GFR.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The emptying of the bladder is a combina...
View Answer

Match chemicals below with the correct characteristic. -It inhibits Na⁺ reabsorption by the renal tubules.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased K⁺ in body fluids______ renin secretion.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Indicate whether the first item in the statement increases, decreases, or has no effect on the second item by filling in the appropriate letter using the following answer code. -Increased aldosterone secretion _____ Na⁺ reabsorption.

Correct Answer
verified