Question 1

Which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group?

Accepted Answer

A)   The experimenter exerts the greatest influence on participants' behavior.
B)   The research participants are exposed to all the different experimental treatments.
C)   The research participants are exposed to the most favorable levels of experimental treatment.
D)   The experimental treatment is absent.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Why is the report that "teens who do not get enough sleep are at an increased risk for mental health problems" problematic?

Accepted Answer

A)   It was derived from a survey study.
B)   Correlation does not mean causation.
C)   The experiment that reached this conclusion cannot be replicated.
D)   This finding is not problematic.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

The testing effect is sometimes called

Accepted Answer

A)   the retrieval practice effect.
B)   test-enhanced learning.
C)   both the retrieval practice effect and test-enhanced learning.
D)   neither the retrieval practice effect nor test-enhanced learning.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Dr.Caleigh conducts research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems.Dr.Caleigh is most likely a ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive
B)   biological
C)   clinical
D)   socialE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

Natassia believes that boys learn to be more aggressive than girls primarily because boys are more frequently pressured to defend themselves with fists.Natassia's belief is best described as an example of the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral
B)   cognitive
C)   psychodynamic
D)   neuroscienceE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary
B)   behavioral
C)   psychodynamic
D)   neuroscienceE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)   dismiss the value of skepticism.
B)   reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested.
C)   exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome.
D)   overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

A refusal to consider potential evidence that might conflict with one's preconceived ideas best illustrates a lack of

Accepted Answer

A)   a psychodynamic perspective.
B)   critical thinking.
C)   culture.
D)   introspection.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Psychology experiments are typically designed to

Accepted Answer

A)   test principles that help explain behavior.
B)   observe behaviors that are unobservable outside the laboratory.
C)   re-create the naturally occurring conditions that influence people's daily behaviors.
D)   observe a truly random sample of human or animal behavior.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's

Accepted Answer

A)   childhood memories.
B)   genetic predispositions.
C)   unconscious thought processes.
D)   potential for growth.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral;social-cultural
B)   evolutionary;behavioral
C)   social-cultural;neuroscience
D)   neuroscience;evolutionaryE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

After predicting world events,such as whether Quebec would separate from Canada,mistaken experts maintained that they were "almost right." This attitude is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   overconfidence.
B)   random sampling.
C)   the placebo effect.
D)   the testing effect.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

In a well-controlled experiment,researchers seek to minimize

Accepted Answer

A)   confounding variables.
B)   informed consent.
C)   replication.
D)   random assignment.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

One of your professors has used observational evidence to justify a cause-effect conclusion.Questioning the validity of drawing this conclusion from the evidence best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   critical thinking.
B)   a biopsychosocial approach.
C)   Freudian psychology.
D)   introspection.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

The type of research that enables psychologists to avoid the problem of small sample sizes is called

Accepted Answer

A)   replication.
B)   the case study.
C)   meta-analysis.
D)   the experiment.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Dr.McAllister is studying anger as it relates to violent criminal offenders.He is particularly interested in how environmental circumstances relate to feelings of anger among these offenders,as well as how feelings of anger affect thought processes.He is working from a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary perspective.
B)   behavioral perspective.
C)   cognitive perspective.
D)   psychodynamic perspective.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

The most reliable way of testing whether a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is truly effective is to use

Accepted Answer

A)   survey research.
B)   naturalistic observation.
C)   correlational research.
D)   experimental research.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Dr.Santaniello conducts research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older.It is most likely that Dr.Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)   social
B)   clinical
C)   developmental
D)   industrial-organizationalE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

Dr.Matias has concluded that very few people in a small African country suffer from alcohol use disorder because of the strong influence of their religion.This belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)   evolutionary
B)   psychodynamic
C)   neuroscience
D)   social-culturalE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following facilitates more exact descriptions of ongoing behaviors without explaining them?

Accepted Answer

A)   random assignment
B)   informed consent
C)   naturalistic observation
D)   the double-blind procedureE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Exam 1: Thinking Critically With Psychological Science

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After predicting world events,such as whether Quebec would separate from Canada,mistaken experts maintained that they were "almost right." This attitude is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A refusal to consider potential evidence that might conflict with one's preconceived ideas best illustrates a lack of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of your professors has used observational evidence to justify a cause-effect conclusion.Questioning the validity of drawing this conclusion from the evidence best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.McAllister is studying anger as it relates to violent criminal offenders.He is particularly interested in how environmental circumstances relate to feelings of anger among these offenders,as well as how feelings of anger affect thought processes.He is working from a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the report that "teens who do not get enough sleep are at an increased risk for mental health problems" problematic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychology experiments are typically designed to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Natassia believes that boys learn to be more aggressive than girls primarily because boys are more frequently pressured to defend themselves with fists.Natassia's belief is best described as an example of the ________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following facilitates more exact descriptions of ongoing behaviors without explaining them?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of research that enables psychologists to avoid the problem of small sample sizes is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which perspective would help us to understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most reliable way of testing whether a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is truly effective is to use

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Matias has concluded that very few people in a small African country suffer from alcohol use disorder because of the strong influence of their religion.This belief best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inherited traits are to learned habits as the ________ perspective is to the ________ perspective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The testing effect is sometimes called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Santaniello conducts research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older.It is most likely that Dr.Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Caleigh conducts research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems.Dr.Caleigh is most likely a ________ psychologist.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a well-controlled experiment,researchers seek to minimize

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Inherited traits are to learned habits as the perspective is to the perspective.

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